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Evaporation and Transpiration Components of Crop Evapotranspiration and Growth Parameters of Lettuce Grown under Greenhouse Conditions

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the evaporation (E) and transpiration (T) components of evapotranspiration (ETc), and the growth parameters of curly lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. cv. Caipira) grown under different irrigation treatments. The study was conducted in a Mediterranean-type plastic greenhouse located in Antalya, Türkiye, in the fall and spring growing seasons of 2020 and 2021, respectively. To assess the impact of water stress on ETc and its components, three different irrigation water levels [I100 for full irrigation treatment (100%), I66 for 66% (I100 × 0.66), and I33 for 33% (I100 × 0.33)] were selected. Planted and unplanted pots were used to measure ETc and E independently. The values obtained from these measurements were used as inputs to calculate the evaporation that occurred in the soil under the crop canopy and plant transpiration. In the present study, T was determined indirectly from the difference of measured evapotranspiration and evaporation and estimated with the modified Hernandez-Suarez model (Te). The modified model for the different irrigation treatments showed high Te estimation performance. Evaporation from the soil in the planted pots (Es) was calculated by considering the canopy cover and soil water content. The study revealed that water stress significantly affected lettuce plant height, root length, cover percentage, leaf area index (LAI), number of leaves, fresh and dry head weights, and root weights (p < 0.01). The study also investigated the relationship between Es=ETc, and LAI using an exponential method and established a strong nonlinear relationship in all irrigation treatments (R2 > 0.90). The modified model developed for different irrigation treatments in Mediterranean-type greenhouses can be used to predict lettuce ETc values with greater precision and to better understand the partitioning of ETc into its constituent components.

Keywords

Deficit irrigation; Evapotranspiration partitioning; Lactuca sativa; Model.

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